Cherokee Girls
Information On “The Trail Of Tears”?
I’m in 8th grade, and 14, and I have been asked by my teacher to write a diary of a 15 year old Cherokee girl forced to walk on the Trail of Tears. I’ve been trying to find information, but I am having a really hard time finding any, and the assignment is due Monday. I’m confused on some details:
1. How the Cherokee were moved
2. Why the Cherokee were moved
3. The natural scenario of what happened on their journey
4. What happened when they got to their destination
5. Any other helpful information
It would also be helpful if you could find the story from the point of view of a Cherokee survivor. I have been looking, but have only found one.
I really appreciate every answer. Thank you for your time and help.
This was answered by “AACTchrBLW” in a now defunct website:
Andrew Jackson was elected President in 1828. He was known for his strong anti-Indian sentiment and chose to allow state laws to go unchallenged when they dealt with anti-Indian policies. For example, Georgia and Alabama made it illegal for an Indian to testify in court against a white person. Before long, popular sentiment supported the enacting of the Indian Removal Act by the United States Congress in 1830.
The Cherokee, along with the other “Five civilized tribes” of the Southeast, (Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw and Seminole ), had tried to accommodate to white culture. In the case of the Cherokee, they lived in frame houses, farmed, developed their own written form of their language, published a newspaper, and even, in some cases, owned slaves. Nonetheless, Jackson’s Indian policy was to remove all Indians to the “Indian territory” of present day Oklahoma–a land of radically different climate than the Southeast.
Indian removal began to most powerfully affect the Cherokee when gold was discovered on Cherokee land in Georgia. The state of Georgia then passed laws forbidding the Cherokee to mine their own gold, authorizing the confiscation of Cherokee land, denying the Cherokee the right to hold their own courts except to ratify land cessions, and a number of other similar laws. Jackson supported these laws while simultaneously telling the Cherokee leaders that he was helpless to override the rights of the states. (State’s rights were somewhat stronger prior to the Civil War and the passage of the 14th Amendment, but the supremacy clause of the United States Constitution WAS in effect).
The major leaders of the Cherokee at the time included Chief John Ross, Major Ridge (who had actually served with Jackson during the Red Stick War), Oowatie and his son, Stand Watie, plus the editor of the Cherokee newspaper, Elias Boudinot.
Jackson had stopped the annuities paid to the Cherokee nation on the grounds that the tribe’s government was extinct, thus they had no income, but nonetheless were able to retain legal representation and took their case to the United States Supreme Court, where two important decisions were handed down. In CHEROKEE NATION V. GEORGIA (1831), the court was sympathetic to the Cherokee, but would not recognize them as a “foreign state” for the purpose of coming under the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, but nonetheless gave a solid definition of what an Indian tribe was, “… a distinct political society…capable of managing its own affairs and governing itself.” The Court defined tribes as “Domestic dependent nations …” within the United States. It was a partial victory, at least acknowledging the right of the tribe to exist.
Then in WORCHESTER V. GEORGIA (1832), a case involving two missionaries who refused to take an oath of allegiance to the state of Georgia while serving the Cherokee nation, the Court ruled completely in favor of the Cherokee position on the case, overturning most of the repressive laws against the Cherokee passed by the state of Georgia saying, “The Cherokee nation… is a distinct community… which the citizens of Georgia have no right to enter, but with the assent of the Cherokees… the whole intercourse between the United States and this nation [the Cherokee nation] is… vested in the government of the United States.”
However, Jackson is alleged by some to have said in response, “John Marshall [chief justice of the Supreme Court] has made his decision; now let him enforce it.” He essentially ignored the court and allowed the state of Georgia to continue with their land lottery, giving Cherokee homes, land, and livestock to white people.
Between 1832 and 1834, some Cherokee chose to emigrate west, while others attempted to hang on in neighboring states. Eventually, a split developed within the tribe. The Ridge faction signed a removal treaty. The tribe, as a whole, rejected it, and Ross, after some difficulty (including arrest by the Georgia Guard), went to Washington to plead the case of the Majority faction of the Cherokee. However, in spite of substantial public support for the Cherokee, the Senate still ratified the treaty, paid the Cherokee five million dollars for their remaining land (valued at over 20 million dollars) and told them to move west within three years.
By 1838 the United States Government sent General Winfield Scott (who did not like what he was ordered to do) and 7000 soldiers to forcibly remove the Cherokee from Tennessee. They left in several waves, at first virtually herded by the soldiers, though later Ross was allowed to supervise removal on his own terms. Either way, at least 4,000 out of 18,000 people died along the way–including Quatie, the wife of Chief John Ross, who caught pneumonia after giving her blanket to help a sick child.
A few bands of the Cherokee, numbering several hundred, escaped capture and hid in the hills of North Carolina
Cherokee Girl Iv’e got news for you
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